Stop-motion activity is acclimated to call activity created by physically manipulating real-world altar and photographing them one anatomy of becloud at a time to actualize the apparition of movement. There are abounding altered types of stop-motion animation, usually alleged afterwards the average acclimated to actualize the animation. Computer software is broadly accessible to actualize this blazon of animation.
Puppet activity about involves stop-motion boob abstracts interacting with anniversary added in a complete environment, in adverse to the real-world alternation in archetypal animation. The puppets about accept an armature central of them to accumulate them still and abiding as able-bodied as acute them to move at accurate joints. Examples cover The Tale of the Fox (France, 1937), The Nightmare Before Christmas (US, 1993), Corpse Bride (US, 2005), Coraline (US, 2009), the films of Jiří Trnka and the TV alternation Robot Chicken (US, 2005–present).
Puppetoon, created application techniques developed by George Pal, are puppet-animated films which about use a altered adaptation of a boob for altered frames, rather than artlessly manipulating one absolute puppet.
Clay animation
Clay animation, or Plasticine activity generally abbreviated as claymation, uses abstracts fabricated of adobe or a agnate adaptable actual to actualize stop-motion animation. The abstracts may accept an armature or wire anatomy central of them, agnate to the accompanying boob activity (below), that can be manipulated to affectation the figures. Alternatively, the abstracts may be fabricated absolutely of clay, such as in the films of Bruce Bickford, area adobe creatures morph into a array of altered shapes. Examples of clay-animated works cover The Gumby Show (US, 1957–1967) Morph shorts (UK, 1977–2000), Wallace and Gromit shorts (UK, as of 1989), Jan Švankmajer's Dimensions of Dialogue (Czechoslovakia, 1982), The Trap Door (UK, 1984). Films cover Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, Chicken Run and The Adventures of Mark Twain.
Cutout activity is a blazon of stop-motion activity produced by affective 2-dimensional pieces of actual such as cardboard or cloth. Examples cover Terry Gilliam's activated sequences from Monty Python's Flying Circus (UK, 1969–1974); Fantastic Planet (France/Czechoslovakia, 1973) ; Tale of Tales (Russia, 1979), The pilot adventure of the TV alternation (and sometimes in episodes) of South Park (US, 1997).
A adobe activity arena from a Finnish television commercial
Silhouette activity is a alternative of agent activity in which the characters are backlit and alone arresting as silhouettes. Examples cover The Adventures of Prince Achmed (Weimar Republic, 1926) and Princes et princesses (France, 2000).
Model activity refers to stop-motion activity created to collaborate with and abide as a allotment of a live-action world. Intercutting, matte effects, and breach screens are generally active to alloy stop-motion characters or altar with reside actors and settings. Examples cover the plan of Ray Harryhausen, as apparent in films such Jason and the Argonauts (1963), and the plan of Willis O'Brien on films such as King Kong (1933 film).
Go motion is a alternative of archetypal activity which uses assorted techniques to actualize motion becloud amid frames of film, which is not present in acceptable stop-motion. The address was invented by Industrial Ablaze & Magic and Phil Tippett to actualize appropriate furnishings scenes for the becloud The Empire Strikes Back (1980). Another archetype is the dragon alleged Vermithrax from Dragonslayer (1981 film).
Object activity refers to the use of approved azoic altar in stop-motion animation, as against to distinctively created items.
Graphic activity uses non-drawn collapsed beheld clear actual (photographs, bi-weekly clippings, magazines, etc.) which are sometimes manipulated frame-by-frame to actualize movement. At added times, the cartoon abide stationary, while the stop-motion camera is confused to actualize on-screen action.
Brickfilm A sub brand of article activity involving application LEGO or added agnate brick toys to accomplish an animation. These accept had a contempo addition in acceptance with the appearance of video administration sites like YouTube, and the availability of bargain cameras, and activity software.
Pixilation involves the use of reside bodies as stop motion characters. This allows for a amount of surreal effects, including disappearances and reappearances, acceptance humans to arise to accelerate beyond the ground, and added such effects. Examples of pixilation cover The Secret Adventures of Tom Thumb and Angry Kid shorts.
editComputer animation
Main article: Computer animation
A abbreviate gif activity of Earth
Computer activity encompasses a array of techniques, the accumulation agency getting that the activity is created digitally on a computer. This activity takes beneath time than antecedent acceptable animation.
edit2D animation
2D activity abstracts are created and/or edited on the computer application 2D bitmap cartoon or created and edited application 2D agent graphics. This includes automatic computerized versions of acceptable activity techniques such as of, amid morphing, onion skinning and amid rotoscoping.
2D activity has abounding applications, including analog computer animation, Flash activity and PowerPoint animation. Cinemagraphs are still photographs in the anatomy of an activated GIF book of which allotment is animated.
edit3D animation
3D activity is digitally modeled and manipulated by an animator. To dispense a mesh, it is accustomed a agenda ashen anatomy that can be acclimated to ascendancy the mesh. This activity is alleged rigging. Assorted added techniques can be applied, such as algebraic functions (ex. gravity, atom simulations), apish fur or hair, furnishings such as blaze and baptize and the use of motion abduction to name but a few, these techniques abatement beneath the class of 3D dynamics. Well-made 3D animations can be difficult to analyze from reside activity and are frequently acclimated as beheld furnishings for contempo movies. Toy Story (1995, USA) is the aboriginal feature-length becloud to be created and rendered absolutely application 3D graphics.
editTerms
Cel-shaded animation, is acclimated to actor acceptable activity application CG software. Shading looks stark, with beneath aggregate colors. Examples include, Skyland (2007, France), Appleseed Ex Machina (2007, Japan), The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker (2002, Japan)
Machinima, Films created by awning capturing in video amateur and basic worlds.
Motion capture, is acclimated if reside activity actors abrasion appropriate apparel that acquiesce computers to archetype their movements into CG characters. Examples cover Polar Express (2004, USA), Beowulf (2007, USA), A Christmas Carol (2009, USA), The Adventures of Tintin (2011, USA)
Photo astute animation, is acclimated primarily for activity that attempts to resemble absolute life. Application avant-garde apprehension that makes abundant skin, plants, water, fire, clouds, etc. to actor absolute life. Examples cover Up (2009, USA), Kung-Fu Panda (2008, USA), Ice Age (2002, USA).
2D activity techniques tend to focus on angel abetment while 3D techniques usually body basic worlds in which characters and altar move and interact. 3D activity can actualize images that assume absolute to the viewer.
editOther activity techniques
Drawn on becloud animation: a address area footage is produced by creating the images anon on becloud stock, for archetype by Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage.
Paint-on-glass animation: a address for authoritative activated films by manipulating apathetic dehydration oil paints on bedding of glass, for archetype by Aleksandr Petrov.
Erasure animation: a address application attitude 2D medium, photographed over time as the artisan manipulates the image. For example, William Kentridge is acclaimed for his charcoal abandoning films, and Piotr Dumała for his auteur address of activation scratches on plaster.
Pinscreen animation: makes use of a awning abounding with adaptable pins, which can be confused in or out by acute an article assimilate the screen. The awning is lit from the ancillary so that the pins casting shadows. The address has been acclimated to actualize activated films with a ambit of textural furnishings difficult to accomplish with acceptable cel animation.
Sand animation: beach is confused about on a back- or front-lighted section of bottle to actualize anniversary anatomy for an activated film. This creates an absorbing aftereffect if activated because of the ablaze contrast.
Flip book: A cast book (sometimes, abnormally in British English, alleged a flick book) is a book with a alternation of pictures that alter gradually from one page to the next, so that if the pages are angry rapidly, the pictures arise to breathing by assuming motion or some added change. Cast books are generally illustrated books for children, but may aswell be geared arise adults and apply a alternation of photographs rather than drawings. Cast books are not consistently abstracted books, but may arise as an added affection in accustomed books or magazines, generally in the page corners. Software bales and websites are aswell accessible that catechumen agenda video files into custom-built cast books.
editOther techniques and approaches
Character animation
Chuckimation
Multi-sketching
Special furnishings animation
Animatronics
Stop motion
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